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投影 projection/ E/ I* M( Y, n
投影中心center of projection
* b: O5 x/ B5 ~) O6 H- @8 l投影面projecting plane
. r8 L' r* H# |投影线projecting line
$ C$ ]! T( t1 t9 q# K: _1 S中心投影法perspective projection
& a! D( ^6 E2 _平行投影法parallel projection5 I% C' p" p0 S0 M) r
斜投影oblique projection
( t# i) ?" Y M正投影orthographic projection
" }& P+ _) t l( O# p正投影面frontal plane of projection. E) Q6 t5 J, \/ \7 S1 A
侧面投影面profile plane of projection5 N- B4 }- s, y2 v3 D' Q
投影图projection drawing
5 ?# M, K) }) Q三面投影图three-plane projection drawing
" C% U( ?9 x1 A V0 K$ M: Q投影轴axis of projection
2 V' |7 s* K5 S* p9 h投影特性characteristic of projection
4 Q! s& q( ]& |. v) M0 u4 K6 ?不变性characteristic of true- @! p) h5 ^& o$ ~
积聚性characteristic of concentration6 O- q. z3 P0 W6 Y% I) n' |
类似性characteristic of similarity8 ?" `; F9 [- |( T& J/ N
视图view
8 D& R8 e# x' D( X# z5 b三视图three-view drawing
! W3 t7 S8 L7 s6 n正面frontal plane
! x5 y3 o9 D8 i; A6 c9 I, ]/ `正面投影frontal projection6 O. j6 K( ?; ~/ g7 M9 X
水平面horizontal plane
; s- s8 d# `, Z0 f" ?9 ]水平投影horizontal projection
0 v" @6 y1 K; v# G) W9 }侧面profile plane
# p" b; `3 H& k侧面投影profile projection
o& j6 ?) }$ C; W( o9 J9 n$ a X主视图frontal view& V( ~( {8 m. C
俯视图top view
% j# @+ q4 G. E9 y左视图left side view
# _$ }. F, s8 _* L# S6 T/ {立体solid2 B9 @9 y+ `/ O& a; o
平面立体plane body
; v) @0 o6 y* }6 M4 d- N% G7 l曲面立体body of curved surface9 V. n. b) d! Q8 O" K) s7 V
回转面surface of revolution$ Q" z6 O2 r9 U
棱柱prism: F1 s" V! C# o, O6 x: [
棱锥pyramid) u7 O/ _" {( b7 A# Z, I
边side
! K7 c8 X# }% `; \) ^0 x顶点center vertex- G( h% A5 w4 a M3 R4 {
棱edge
! e: m5 p$ d3 u4 y' b2 ^2 h8 A点point0 q& S" T' {% V" H% L; Z1 H' G
直线line straight line
6 n. Z7 a8 X! O7 a$ E* t棱锥台truncated pyramid8 O1 ]: u& q$ i$ K# e( ]) o/ m
frustum of pyramid! O7 g( r; n: K8 N
重影coincidence of projection; p' _8 k& |# ?* v; y2 C) m
积聚concentrate
4 ^: e" ~ T8 x; G; \8 K变形deformation
1 u9 w6 d. F/ i* u4 }实长true length
+ ^& z; S* ]$ ?7 n/ o实形true shape# G$ U7 q' y. Z6 G& G1 S y
正平线frontal line
! e4 ~ c, C7 b水平线horizontal line* }7 k8 y) k* T) O! O: w& V. p. N
侧平线profile line
% `6 J$ r& e+ c0 n7 V& l2 v一般位置直线oblique line' J$ |# O$ v, H1 \! p* H. x- F
铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line' ?, |$ p5 | r1 |. a) A+ k
正垂线horizontal--profile line
8 K8 `) q% n* J9 F" Q侧垂线frontal-horizontal line
" k5 d. b. z8 A一般位置平面oblique plane
+ d) F( T& O% {" i" J7 A- l相交intersection
& W* u8 Z3 `9 ^) Q平行parallel
( S: ~7 `$ n* b M9 ~9 b k7 Q垂直perpendicular
4 r8 v8 U+ T$ K* a交线intersecting line, line of intersection' U- w. w' Z/ F% J5 E* {
交点point of intersection
6 \9 L$ @& B0 S1 G平行线parallel line
2 \$ E7 ^5 g+ M- g% Q垂直线perpendicular line& |# _2 b! m; X) e
交叉线skew line
# t4 y( e1 |0 w- L B# [4 e3 q2 H长度length
* Z% [' ^# n) T1 W1 _8 X宽度width) }0 o3 O! h3 K/ d% O1 E' ]1 X
高度height
$ l; ^. ]( g0 j: V3 A组合体complex' ?7 b5 X s( e$ e: p
基本几何体basic body
* f0 |- H. N/ N- i& ?相接built-up
1 Z* i x! G: H( { x/ R相交inter section' Q, }3 p- _' S- F
相切tangent6 I) W4 D3 \( j+ u2 a6 L8 z! c1 P
相贯penetration
3 @/ T/ N8 h" i. S( B: g; I6 m8 ~& n5 U支架brace/ P3 \! A( ]) d" g! k
底板bottom board
" ^# G4 r. g3 t: p [肋rib
- R4 n# \" t- q' k' D) m9 n5 |支承板bearing plate
: ]5 i" u; @# D- n# X轮廓线outline, contour line
+ _0 Y- {3 \. Z6 B/ j底图traced drawing
, e- T9 W# `. L. X; M. I截平面cutting plane
: E( B( i- I7 | H1 H' n截交线line of section
$ A/ r! k" Y$ U+ g! K% \二重性dual nature
" I$ \- r& a, ~+ q" U平面曲线plane curve+ M# T& D; }4 Y/ G: v/ u
圆弧arc
4 P: z9 _ n1 f& G椭圆ellipse
# _2 h' @( D/ B' w8 D长轴major axis
$ T) g/ T0 k Z6 W' z短轴minor axis6 a# Z4 m# Z7 _- O4 b/ X3 Q" S
双曲线hyperbola8 z6 q- ?4 V# c1 n
抛物线parabola
! P" R# H L6 e/ j8 R& E圆circle
+ N( F, M7 k' R; Q& P: K: F圆锥顶conic apex % F. i# h" z- S6 ^) ^! n B" s! \
相贯体intersecting bodies# U# e# J5 i8 ?& w
相贯线line of intersection; I" _% `6 o* n! L: H9 [
空间曲线space curve
# v# M! j6 b: O" D& W, k截平面方法cutting plane method" [( q* V! D& C& f3 g$ j
辅助面auxiliary surface# V, p7 Y. |5 u: R/ Q6 l+ x3 M
辅助平面auxiliary plane
: @7 l6 H+ h/ {. j最高点culminating point
5 I' k- v1 p, G尺寸Size
4 f6 U/ A7 R+ ?2 q定形尺寸size dimension
; K. c: X, \; J2 {定位尺寸location dimension! {6 T% i9 [3 x6 U" o
左视图right view
# `" u7 Y6 g* w后视图rear view, back view
/ y4 K: d: G; U9 S9 x仰视图bottom view K+ Q' e. y, t: @3 g( t0 h1 ^
辅助图auxiliary view
0 g j ]3 J. }1 |局部视图partial view, broken view/ w' K! }/ {7 O9 f# A, n; R3 L
斜视图oblique view! R& G+ J6 l& `) B- q1 L
旋转视图revolved view, aligned view
& u6 N- I( E- M* F7 q- C3 U: E剖视图sectional view, section) B' _6 w! d$ \
全剖视full section
8 o* P) F. [+ Z: Z6 Z2 l半剖视half section& w! l5 {) Z Z
局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
! t% b8 _8 A; R2 M斜剖视图oblique section; w* W4 g4 W" a% `- s
旋转剖视图aligned section
' j& \8 u8 w3 d% d+ S$ w阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section
& G( w1 w9 A: V复合剖视compound section
0 l1 |5 @! S. p" U4 U剖面图section, sectional view
' c8 T7 z/ c9 V3 A) M- b重合剖面coincide section, revolved section
, Y( U+ x, h* z移出剖面removed section- M4 E! x% \( _0 O5 X
剖面线section line
- k4 u" u, t7 q. o0 \4 l! K* C; s剖面符号symbols for section-lining
' I, X* G, {3 o) f) E习惯画法conventional drawing
5 M( t: m& P! J8 B8 q" }局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement
% }/ [% h o* J2 O$ L零件图detail drawing, working drawing
- F! b. O, ?# D4 S& n第三角投影third angle projection7 Q/ k, x$ s; Q
粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line
. R- ?" n& v- J2 V7 Z细实线continuous thin line/ e0 q5 ^% ?+ R# H# p4 I0 A
虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line
7 w8 M( [/ W: j* l m5 H2 ?点划线dash and dot line* p7 M. @: E( E. h4 Q
双点划线double dots line
! X1 A. `) V# ^1 u' s4 B3 z q2 F波浪线break line2 i5 E7 S, s5 |5 n4 H: I4 L
断裂线0 A0 p; r! ?/ i! b* ]
剖切平面迹线cutting plane line8 S- v3 E1 Y# x% G7 I$ n0 }
尺寸线dimension line
7 n- `' G% w- N, i I% d8 v* o3 u' U尺寸界线extension tine
5 g5 V- V0 y9 Q7 G7 p尺寸dimension size
7 \( o7 N! c- ^! r/ h箭头arrowhead
% n, `" J6 E1 O基准datum; s$ Q8 |$ L3 V
基准线datum line v5 \- h5 g9 @2 R% i1 O2 U( f4 k
基准面datum plane5 V3 K i& H) C
中心孔central hole2 D' Q; x" v* t; A% w9 Z1 Y
中心距center distance1 S( d5 d4 H, [
轴shaft, axle1 U5 ?3 Q% L! y8 k C* d0 E0 _
孔hole4 f, P! O" G% W3 J* K, g
斜孔inclination4 o( n6 e3 Z3 L
装配图assembly drawing: ?( ^6 T6 \3 w; K$ \6 t0 m$ R
性能尺寸characteristic dimension
, K, ], y& w; R5 o3 T# R, A2 a% v大小尺寸size dimension5 @4 b, J4 H5 n/ n, x
总体尺寸outer dimension: v+ S+ f! Z5 y; j2 m; T& }
外形尺寸" J# _* G2 |; h6 |
配合尺寸fit dimension
3 w' }7 o3 l. `( @, y; R o( H内圆角fillet
- w1 r" h2 A! _% ~& ?& r外圆角round9 u, |8 [! W% a0 y; F* L s
尖角sharp corner
, ^+ w# G3 p0 C K- L% W3 c倒角chamfer
5 ?. I: ~( I$ X0 r轮缘flange of wheel, R2 H1 |2 |; }+ ]
缘、边、环rim
( U' u8 O7 x5 f1 z3 [! y B8 Z轴肩shoulder
& a+ p: R5 D1 f4 g1 u& C2 x% W凸台boss
6 s- o* N* p7 r- j& o% }凹坑concave pit
) }7 w0 P# h" ]% h9 m轴颈shaft neck$ j1 M) ]5 E* t9 p) {3 \7 l) u- D
轮毂hub
9 S4 H4 E* g) \; t6 e& \7 A轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel8 K& i% e' _8 [& M( L9 i# p
直纹滚花straight knurling s
; U) f, B1 I9 s: {网纹滚花hatching knurling/ I3 I& N' V# `, o6 Y2 N
键槽key-way+ v5 i- A$ G6 p, C3 a: T
退刀槽escape# L4 A+ A" Z+ I, p8 ]0 ~0 E" C4 C
拔模斜度pattern draft1 m z$ q3 G! K7 \7 W2 t# X
填料盒gland box! z3 n" E4 p/ r: U5 B
油槽oil groove# j. w9 G1 i$ O2 G. U
油封oil seal( @' B/ K: R8 u- D+ t' Y
标准件standard parts7 ] t. n* A0 |* ]/ P
螺纹thread6 X, V8 \, [8 S2 ]/ X: b
外螺纹external thread% ^7 T# }8 E1 T4 s
内螺纹internal thread, u8 l ~4 A, h; R! [1 e
大径major diameter
+ H; M& j& o, e' e* d# B小径minor diameter$ w# K7 |- Q; o( b* P' B5 u) Y1 T+ J: P9 c2 t
螺距pitch of thread
& T% N! F2 a I牙型form of thread, r1 {8 ^# D* Q0 [2 \
旋向direction of turning
- e N- H- B, G% m, o, } p3 m p右旋螺纹right-hand thread9 B7 ~ {: ` ]
左旋螺纹left-hand thread7 `% B& l9 M0 t6 v4 v
头数number of thread9 X" z) t* X2 E- V
导程lead; G2 g* ], e9 S- Q% A% ^
粗牙coarse thread
8 `8 j+ J7 P, Y8 L& G细牙fin thread
; F- j: B) u5 s2 Q5 b2 O! P螺栓bolt5 {4 E2 n# ]+ O! t' a: A% X2 ^5 ~
螺钉screw( |5 e5 h8 |! u. p3 }
螺柱stud H* m4 i% }( d- M7 Z6 Y' p. P
螺母nut3 {) B& H1 d. L( s
垫片washer
" Q4 ?; Q! U% e( D公差tolerance
8 `" v( A6 @. @! i公差带tolerance zone
* L5 h; k2 D3 N零线zero line7 b0 l2 Q! D* {
标准公差standard tolerance
i4 S7 l: I6 L7 a; l公差等级tolerance grade- t5 t9 R8 X& B$ q. Z) z6 `
基本偏差fundamental deviation/ U8 \+ ?& N1 G9 p( q# {
配合fit
% T* M' b }' Q, o" M间隙配合clearance fit; }+ C9 B" x0 P, v- D" d- {. b
过盈interference
, A: z3 X, r9 v* |( j6 u: @- J过盈配合interference fit4 |& c+ q( f( E6 I! v: R9 J9 {
过渡配合transition fit
! i3 S1 {* |8 z a基孔制hole-basic system of fits . L/ V& q v" l+ {+ R5 @# C( P. e
基轴制shaft-basic system of fits
! r( S$ y- e: z1 p间隙clearance
) h/ Z& |9 ?5 Y: g' o4 Q形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance2 @: w! t& K9 U
直线度straightness v* p' N+ W0 w; _5 r4 \
平面度flatness5 @5 T9 v. c8 S+ Y' P6 a9 U
圆度roundness
! R8 R% e, V! M% k" e圆柱度cylindricity7 a( f4 d1 Z' j, N' ^
线轮廓度profile of any line
0 ^: G# a, C/ h面轮廓度profile of any plane
8 w1 t4 [3 J( ?: k2 b位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
7 S, y. `5 w+ D$ R9 M2 ?% G平行度 parallelism) n9 E# N! W" W4 Q$ c( S
齿轮gear0 w' [1 s' X. |# e( N, c2 g5 L8 d7 B$ m
圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear
9 y% e x6 i9 J" B. d正齿轮spur gear8 X4 p: Z( k; @, \8 O0 j# Z
斜齿轮spiral gear7 F3 Y, t) a) C5 x8 H7 k
轮齿gear tooth2 S v) Q# f! [8 g
节圆pitch circle
, y5 }5 A- v1 u4 n, P. }% \5 r6 d齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle
+ U4 b) ]/ A/ U: t- c6 b齿根圆root circle, addendum circle
2 J( E7 `8 K% `模数modulus
% h5 q7 n6 c- A, m* u齿数number of teeth
7 P1 i0 c( U! X齿高tooth height
' j: `5 q$ L% H2 x/ E3 _齿顶高height of addendum# {+ q0 D$ P% c1 f$ m( e
齿根高height of addendum
% @4 ^% \1 I; E# r1 o齿厚circular thickness! ~8 Z+ H" G$ T# ^5 a+ L% S
齿间tooth space) t5 ]( ~; v* r3 F. D. u
齿宽tooth width3 d, a, M8 S# H( B1 o
压力角angle of pressure" o4 W6 O; _" h+ h
弹簧spring4 K' }. J3 a9 K7 ?6 U8 ?
销pin
/ J1 a Y% J5 p- e3 k0 E圆柱销round pin" y1 I R- ~! }4 c( L; G
圆锥销taper pin
3 I0 ?0 L+ w/ M( L, L" Y开口销cotter pin, split
, T8 j1 D2 b* t+ n键key
$ X6 e# j, o: F" Q8 L6 K% H平键flat key
) C. h$ [+ s: E. v" C5 H) h半圆键half round key, woodruff key5 O: i1 J# i) u6 M6 b# d3 Z
轴承bearing
3 ]) O8 F: d$ p2 n0 m0 @- \6 p滚动轴承rolling bearing
! d& O7 C2 u0 {# v1 W向心铀承radial bearing2 g' h' D" k+ [5 G, Y8 j
密封装置sealing equipment
& ]1 g+ }( y$ h% b7 H/ ~- ]/ P锁紧装置locking equipment
X& S' D+ l- q) u' M" }, s' \粗糙度roughness) Y `' Q6 l Q
基本尺寸basic size
: {* n! a# W5 _( [2 F实际尺寸actual size
0 H, X8 ?1 V# u, ^) B极限尺寸limits size
9 v M2 \+ V! `# C W最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size
1 p+ j. U* n s9 P5 D/ z& V最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size- o B; `. U6 r6 W+ b; d7 ~
偏差deviation
6 Z4 Q( X+ u9 ]! m/ R L上偏差upper deviation
7 W R8 n5 G" A' E' X/ A, S2 N下偏差lower deviation
) k( |. Q; O; a8 ~9 D垂直度perpendicularity
$ x, u4 L, X2 X9 J6 H倾斜度angularity/ w0 Z0 S. R4 H% A
同轴度concentricity9 L2 ?: M* q# t' K: L
对称度symmetry o7 d' f0 W- g! ], ?
位置度true position4 }0 w8 ?# C: ?+ g" E% {6 x- t
跳动run-out
0 w: f! c! ^- }) A2 S) z! I圆跳动cycle run-out
7 @8 D' F- R2 s$ U全跳动total run-out / V2 k8 A. n/ T$ L" O# z2 }1 q
轴测投影axonometric projection( L/ A$ {) `3 c8 m3 o
轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection2 t7 | Y* ^0 D
轴测图axonometric drawing J; h* n9 O* m
正等轴测投影isometric projection+ M0 }& a* H. G( N p
正二测bimetric projection
0 ^4 E" D; Q# z' h" m斜二测oblique bimetric projection) _0 R, I1 ]5 S& o# g+ Q
轴测轴axonometric axis
+ U; y' v6 s9 L轴间角axis angle, angle between ales4 c- J/ Z5 T V8 R
缩短foreshortened
5 G2 }/ V2 ] A/ h! n轴向缩短率coefficient of axial( f( m7 V( f k' Q9 {
deformation ratio of
9 I# n" k# V; ?! j6 Jfore shortening for any axis* y- e- r$ X! t& i: i4 r- c
切割法cutting method, by cutting
' V6 M3 \9 _, ]8 c2 i% H. w方箱法boxing method" @9 U9 F2 j0 Q- V
坐标法coordinate method _. f& z2 c' b* p: @% x m
方框法enclosing-square method8 T0 X: z$ N k/ }0 i
四心近似法four-center approximate method |
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发表于 2006-6-18 09:45