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投影 projection# G# p$ \0 J0 M/ x! l2 O V
投影中心center of projection
e# D% d+ u' a( s% N; n投影面projecting plane
) ^! ?( f7 f) n! m. }0 Q+ L, L投影线projecting line% M6 b5 j, [' ?
中心投影法perspective projection# D6 x i. P6 k4 }
平行投影法parallel projection1 f# W7 h' i7 ~2 S
斜投影oblique projection9 V1 o' \# Y5 C9 ]
正投影orthographic projection' [: r3 S4 U) e# _4 ^
正投影面frontal plane of projection! }0 q" ]: |/ d% r
侧面投影面profile plane of projection
2 B5 G" @5 p0 x投影图projection drawing) D% ]/ n& Q4 I4 s1 h
三面投影图three-plane projection drawing
$ \( A! Q3 k9 C4 y5 N投影轴axis of projection6 i* Y2 `( ]: b; O$ ]( ]
投影特性characteristic of projection
+ O$ Y1 z l9 j5 I不变性characteristic of true1 @( B; g* B' W+ S( X5 O8 U3 Y0 {
积聚性characteristic of concentration2 ]) K4 \3 O/ Z: z4 z# g; C1 `
类似性characteristic of similarity
$ S; u# A- N8 P, h. x4 ]4 v3 A视图view( D5 u/ P: H7 ]; J. L1 ?2 d' U
三视图three-view drawing
2 n! g7 |) |" v$ O正面frontal plane
$ y9 K: I$ t" D5 n0 d. R; k; o正面投影frontal projection) _2 R. A- w4 J. {
水平面horizontal plane
* x. B) @5 S/ g+ E* I1 N( u水平投影horizontal projection
6 v1 i5 O5 w0 Y侧面profile plane
8 m6 k+ T- z+ \' |- p9 C! w: G侧面投影profile projection0 o1 T0 v5 k+ N K
主视图frontal view
1 ?* t+ m' H/ R5 B* U2 z- }俯视图top view
$ O% \% W- V' C/ ?" u& p) S左视图left side view
' Z% w' Y$ e' i2 Q, F8 Q$ r立体solid2 W2 Q o& j1 F `
平面立体plane body3 i7 i! S `1 o: y6 F1 }9 @
曲面立体body of curved surface2 i8 V. ]( T) T* O7 |. X* V
回转面surface of revolution
# m) w, L; L- c- C棱柱prism
. Y5 @/ `4 ], o4 O棱锥pyramid
1 E5 F1 J2 u+ T3 A; }边side
% P* c& t8 S' ~顶点center vertex
8 }8 s6 d9 P% w棱edge
4 Q. i }* e4 f# \2 J9 o点point5 @. Q% }2 Q' b8 ^' Y
直线line straight line
$ X0 l# f4 r; e8 [; D) n棱锥台truncated pyramid6 J/ p* d8 j2 w# @
frustum of pyramid4 V! L: y5 i6 K& T
重影coincidence of projection
% G$ `- w& B w3 T7 [# y8 Y+ x积聚concentrate
* ?' D( z7 F9 L, Z* q7 R/ @变形deformation
& U. ^1 N8 q% f. n; _- ]1 K1 L实长true length
! O, Z: T; Y' u+ z实形true shape
, K9 o X' _6 }' w# d* J正平线frontal line8 }3 u* C! u$ C3 G, }2 w: X1 f/ D9 T6 T
水平线horizontal line
, ~5 v# _/ n$ q4 Z& |侧平线profile line
( B, z8 P% g/ q0 t# @一般位置直线oblique line
" c3 S: ^3 z" ~" m铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line+ Y/ z! X2 V5 i! b5 n* V# G
正垂线horizontal--profile line
* n6 g. G/ s- ]6 O侧垂线frontal-horizontal line$ N& f: p* R w6 d9 g7 r8 a
一般位置平面oblique plane2 T( u; G, t) @/ x( p* F4 z2 I
相交intersection
! u" Q( K7 h+ O/ c. p, F& j: r- Q平行parallel
6 T; o6 M R E+ a垂直perpendicular* A% n. k% ~6 a$ i; Q% B* h
交线intersecting line, line of intersection0 B8 u* j! j9 q
交点point of intersection: @& |: R- ] ^
平行线parallel line" {" \/ |+ z) j# ]# ?3 l+ }
垂直线perpendicular line
" k+ f6 X% P) g7 T# ]: k% y交叉线skew line
1 ?" T/ o6 G L长度length
: f4 j5 W; Y$ U. |宽度width- ^ P& G: Z1 o: C
高度height
" N1 }& k' P' i( {- J$ B' \组合体complex. l6 Z# N$ |5 L! Z# E- {% U
基本几何体basic body& \8 N8 L6 g, o
相接built-up* K# \ q; L. {! V+ R5 `, U
相交inter section- U: [+ W3 x! Y/ S$ m- m! e8 D3 _
相切tangent
4 d3 Y& n0 C, @+ @) i6 E相贯penetration9 P$ O7 ^6 m( C; \0 I0 `4 h) F; k
支架brace* W7 o9 X1 p7 E' ~
底板bottom board8 J: N6 `6 V% n( F8 I; N+ V: Z
肋rib2 Q7 K: K8 \+ ^7 w! r( W' P
支承板bearing plate& A8 r! A1 e. r B2 f( L9 Z; X
轮廓线outline, contour line0 v- a5 ?7 I) m& M% t% U* L
底图traced drawing p9 A# i7 D" u J! m
截平面cutting plane) p8 F# Q- |0 c/ |2 P
截交线line of section
" a0 s3 J3 W6 _9 g7 j8 j8 \: }二重性dual nature4 F2 C8 F+ @& s
平面曲线plane curve
9 S3 _& T4 U( i# D圆弧arc# J2 O' J) r# N, }: M) p- V& E' n
椭圆ellipse
. P4 T, O0 L) c- M4 F8 V长轴major axis( ?! ~5 d3 q( k4 F( h" c8 \
短轴minor axis
/ ]$ o; J+ x* s- ?% z双曲线hyperbola
; `& h4 Y5 h6 R, y- ~* w抛物线parabola$ h8 N$ P* {# {( Q" j y
圆circle
9 f* d3 y1 {* M8 E+ N+ {, Q圆锥顶conic apex
0 Y5 e4 e. r. O相贯体intersecting bodies
; @& Q6 I- Z5 l4 J! a相贯线line of intersection
2 [$ p$ d7 `2 h+ J空间曲线space curve z2 ^# x) N! t! e( A$ V& _
截平面方法cutting plane method% A; W: Z7 ?8 }- h
辅助面auxiliary surface
- J! d% {; [7 ^* O4 ^辅助平面auxiliary plane
! d: i( @% w5 A \( A5 k8 }最高点culminating point
0 b- n/ F0 F( q1 j, x+ m尺寸Size4 L/ u4 K: T2 H& _
定形尺寸size dimension- |! z# ^5 [3 e) H) d) Y& n
定位尺寸location dimension; K$ d' K1 U" H4 C9 i% H# k
左视图right view
1 @7 E( N( K; E9 Q8 f后视图rear view, back view. H' W. N/ _6 H" P( a! N+ o
仰视图bottom view
$ q* k$ M) {' T1 B: l V辅助图auxiliary view
4 {) D* l- T2 w) h局部视图partial view, broken view, T3 J$ J5 K! H) n9 `* Q7 z
斜视图oblique view
) y" K. o3 a2 H( d" x! _. Z旋转视图revolved view, aligned view
; r$ U6 [; \. B# \8 c+ c, K$ b剖视图sectional view, section
; u5 M1 {1 ~ s( J8 ~全剖视full section
( F# ^ Y2 Y0 k" _; b% q半剖视half section
$ Z5 v2 ]0 B9 |- e局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
8 U- N4 g# U0 P. F斜剖视图oblique section' l+ l# L$ I( {6 H& ^* \, l+ F
旋转剖视图aligned section
' H4 A& Y5 I9 j; F: b/ Q% p阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section
, n4 X* r* o+ s4 e1 _# C复合剖视compound section' v/ E' o0 J4 L- e+ |
剖面图section, sectional view
~" [7 _' X/ u* L# O- V重合剖面coincide section, revolved section: e8 _# v0 W8 d, f* j( e0 M' @& Z
移出剖面removed section
, m1 n+ S0 G, H1 y% f) U1 R4 Z5 @0 }剖面线section line
6 A8 X9 |1 v F; d剖面符号symbols for section-lining. e/ h8 t0 A7 ^; n1 L
习惯画法conventional drawing
7 S- w% z5 x5 [/ H3 Z7 k, R; ]局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement
1 ?+ i- f8 Q# B( d零件图detail drawing, working drawing
" F1 c/ L3 ]) e6 }. X第三角投影third angle projection
1 X' Z6 W$ ]2 J3 w粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line% L8 D6 M* a$ Q
细实线continuous thin line
- W, k- K- F: k6 ?% ^* K) v3 C虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line
* n b! f/ V/ @" T点划线dash and dot line; Y* x: ]+ l. [3 i8 s
双点划线double dots line$ u3 g) s& b6 A
波浪线break line# `( B* B' L8 i$ ]8 N$ s
断裂线
& |+ h/ B8 u( D6 | X9 J剖切平面迹线cutting plane line
Q- ]! z! |/ ]. c9 m, z& C P尺寸线dimension line8 O' m- w8 n% I
尺寸界线extension tine
0 F- R; j2 \& E1 B尺寸dimension size. j- {# I' A$ v% r% i" ?+ p
箭头arrowhead. c! l# f+ Y; Z& P" G
基准datum
( w% p0 G, W2 a6 `基准线datum line9 e9 L+ [( w/ r* t( I+ T* z
基准面datum plane
2 u" [8 F/ D0 o. `9 z( |中心孔central hole. V6 k4 \1 |9 f: ?" t- U
中心距center distance7 l/ G b& E# b0 w
轴shaft, axle! P3 e8 }, y7 z1 v2 T9 Q1 U
孔hole6 N# Z) \! c$ n% ]# U$ V
斜孔inclination
- @) y" h7 Y3 R" g装配图assembly drawing
- Y6 V4 v2 M9 f) l- y8 C性能尺寸characteristic dimension
1 u4 Y$ Y/ C! R% G大小尺寸size dimension5 F0 ^4 T* a* r3 _
总体尺寸outer dimension
l4 F1 Z9 @% ~' t+ b6 E外形尺寸
' A0 B8 I/ F! g0 k' \+ ]8 ?/ G配合尺寸fit dimension
: b2 r( u8 B, n3 X: E! Q5 }内圆角fillet. A8 d% ^9 T0 i
外圆角round
$ c' ]# e( ]* q4 x) R% L尖角sharp corner8 q% D* z% U: z) W: L, t4 n
倒角chamfer
# Z; G, G1 z3 }( \! I" x轮缘flange of wheel+ [1 E: S2 p" y8 x
缘、边、环rim4 B& g" U8 \6 l9 ^, T
轴肩shoulder9 g- n0 D* n9 H3 q/ g8 \2 X
凸台boss0 n; J* Z% R$ u
凹坑concave pit
9 C ^# F m. k轴颈shaft neck# }; e% f$ z* c' O% l1 m8 h0 D
轮毂hub0 b& d( b* V; A& \& C% ^. S
轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel- E6 P! D3 q& u
直纹滚花straight knurling s
0 ~8 a+ T$ {+ B* J网纹滚花hatching knurling7 t5 L! x% ~* M: W' `! q6 I
键槽key-way
* o' M, _! O: a5 w; R退刀槽escape4 L5 i8 ~/ x1 h7 c! R
拔模斜度pattern draft3 V3 R! d+ H* ?4 z8 c, V! f
填料盒gland box
) a7 _0 O" ]: d0 [( L+ y油槽oil groove" F+ J* a" N x8 G
油封oil seal
: j3 o$ R2 X5 l8 F' f& ~标准件standard parts
6 y# n8 W1 m+ t1 _; E7 E螺纹thread
F0 |% R. a5 b外螺纹external thread
# o6 s7 ], j: G3 P1 W% r内螺纹internal thread1 ~8 e$ t7 t. Y. @; _
大径major diameter
6 c" l6 W* p. T7 u+ l- L4 S! \小径minor diameter
' b) _( u ?. v1 i3 C螺距pitch of thread
0 F+ l( k7 e( T6 |' h1 R牙型form of thread
! _: t6 w+ M$ @' V! S0 w: \: I$ S* s旋向direction of turning
0 T' h! A& Y- S( |, C; \右旋螺纹right-hand thread; r! m( B, X4 J i7 A
左旋螺纹left-hand thread. C! w/ |) t* q4 f; D
头数number of thread. {! A, r- V8 ^: V; v
导程lead
: ?+ ]3 k+ s x0 v粗牙coarse thread
1 _4 ~/ ~2 `, [$ w f8 Z细牙fin thread
3 z/ B1 \3 c! c4 n" [, M1 G' g$ H螺栓bolt
e# F8 \/ ^, @8 R9 T螺钉screw+ Y2 x6 I: B5 {$ y7 l/ r+ @
螺柱stud$ [4 v8 b7 ~8 |" r; `2 h7 N
螺母nut: k6 h: g3 F$ w% K7 Y/ x5 l$ W
垫片washer# [# J3 z5 i2 J/ y& J: Q! K2 n9 q# U
公差tolerance6 E4 Y7 P" W7 p
公差带tolerance zone
3 J! O# i. f5 h/ n! D零线zero line
8 Q7 h! e- V0 R% N, x* ^标准公差standard tolerance* _4 u$ v- t( B$ ]2 e2 Z5 d6 c
公差等级tolerance grade) e. T6 ~1 w, Q! p
基本偏差fundamental deviation7 G/ _6 j- {/ |1 o% K$ R) e
配合fit
# }! Z% d5 p! _& X* a间隙配合clearance fit
7 F8 H9 ~5 l2 M; D; c过盈interference
7 ]& `4 g& O6 |( k0 ?% z: v7 A过盈配合interference fit
% p: d3 @9 W1 @3 v% h/ i过渡配合transition fit
8 u% |& K* f) ]基孔制hole-basic system of fits
/ ]2 v1 V' y0 Z! e+ V7 e) u! h基轴制shaft-basic system of fits
1 @# U0 ]& m' p5 P) V7 F' \间隙clearance
- k. |, I, w1 U# L形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
& @7 @/ N9 r/ a! k1 ^直线度straightness: W% N; I* v5 X3 T% ]
平面度flatness `" w) l/ s, x
圆度roundness
2 R( r8 Y, W, ]& F# H圆柱度cylindricity, f8 N1 Y+ k9 m2 l) G
线轮廓度profile of any line
. x5 Y$ O5 j6 H2 A- ]( `面轮廓度profile of any plane' L2 a0 X6 w$ ?6 B' p% k3 R
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
& N0 ?; T! ]( i! ?# a平行度 parallelism) e' T# `2 Y3 K, a
齿轮gear
( h+ B9 ~4 k9 S1 X, D圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear6 I2 l' g" \2 W0 t3 b4 u" p; X4 S# n
正齿轮spur gear! \: B; b: i. S2 R
斜齿轮spiral gear7 c, s6 m& \" P0 U& p! j
轮齿gear tooth. m" n$ x4 L& N, b8 n
节圆pitch circle
" j1 r9 g5 A3 G1 q; j齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle& e: b( R! ~4 \) @
齿根圆root circle, addendum circle
! I1 P( L0 R% _6 `模数modulus+ L0 m7 y7 g K! Y5 R% C
齿数number of teeth
; w% E% b- l- n' r7 g齿高tooth height
/ K6 X+ L$ p( @7 _齿顶高height of addendum, S$ t" G: G5 y6 i# j7 S
齿根高height of addendum9 y# t: n& {& _2 B
齿厚circular thickness, g, f0 d3 c, s( b9 ~+ [
齿间tooth space1 D! R% v9 f4 M+ X- L2 U# |% M( E
齿宽tooth width
: u; {# ^. h( Y5 H5 _) `压力角angle of pressure1 D0 F" w+ r9 r+ b0 v# l
弹簧spring
8 f5 [5 c! e( @* k- \销pin( b/ F6 L" N1 g% }( c
圆柱销round pin. O, z, r0 W7 |6 D& h( q9 X
圆锥销taper pin/ X. N, b7 s @# h$ \+ O
开口销cotter pin, split0 V" E, b [, Z7 b) U( h3 _7 W9 }8 `- ]
键key
' Y# r% A- e6 ?" x平键flat key
2 [% X7 E6 J' P半圆键half round key, woodruff key
4 S# z7 u0 ^) y- G轴承bearing; M, i6 s* P8 w& V' T1 o
滚动轴承rolling bearing
: ?0 M- ?* O ]% x向心铀承radial bearing
7 Y& [: l9 [+ S3 _: [密封装置sealing equipment
, T' A, T# S0 ~3 ]8 A) J8 |锁紧装置locking equipment* ]2 w' j) e8 [: S
粗糙度roughness
% z1 x+ g! S6 y. @; N基本尺寸basic size3 O5 O% G/ W" I+ z" g; O
实际尺寸actual size
, t5 H7 k( L5 B' [8 g. S' `极限尺寸limits size V* n2 M& x& U! |! f
最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size
+ `5 ?! l3 W; V/ `6 g4 h最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size" w+ w0 V0 \* g' B0 S
偏差deviation0 c' l2 l9 k$ c! e8 h; v
上偏差upper deviation
5 o" E& {1 W1 ]& B/ ?9 k下偏差lower deviation
! [/ ]2 g9 ^; `* P+ C垂直度perpendicularity! G+ F o6 A- q
倾斜度angularity' o$ O: ?. n* i+ u
同轴度concentricity* ^: b5 q& \+ t; K
对称度symmetry
y, a4 ^% A' P N位置度true position* g; m) z/ ~) ^, i* L: h& v0 ]
跳动run-out
. L- ]& m' h; [$ s圆跳动cycle run-out$ b8 F P* {3 F, s- k% K
全跳动total run-out ' F: m/ A0 _- m# E0 T2 |. N9 R( ~
轴测投影axonometric projection
t d, D; L7 z2 A; _轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection
+ c0 I4 [' M0 L, K轴测图axonometric drawing
2 r5 h# y; t) H8 R0 A9 y正等轴测投影isometric projection
$ X* p3 K6 A( y' u正二测bimetric projection
9 m6 h2 P7 [) K! X$ t斜二测oblique bimetric projection
: [7 y8 w% c: s8 u1 Y9 h% {! c2 j轴测轴axonometric axis
/ d3 ?# v; c- Y, T0 h& ]轴间角axis angle, angle between ales% g* e1 D1 j( W& {/ c% {6 ~5 S
缩短foreshortened
; f% ]9 Y2 W/ ] h: g7 `$ c) P# v' o轴向缩短率coefficient of axial- q! v8 O- I+ w9 v6 Y# b
deformation ratio of
3 }! Z1 Z% J# x. Sfore shortening for any axis/ o( t* i3 X& Z. h Y
切割法cutting method, by cutting+ n- }- V- h9 t" s
方箱法boxing method
$ @% y0 ]: E+ {. y E( [坐标法coordinate method
# Z& |* L8 p" E; k p方框法enclosing-square method* T2 M* `* `' V. C" ?. m8 u
四心近似法four-center approximate method |
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发表于 2006-6-18 09:45