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投影 projection. s6 N) w$ v9 J: u
投影中心center of projection
# ] T/ |# {/ i, f" U8 ~4 [投影面projecting plane; j- o4 @5 X# u& A1 }/ l# b5 L. i T$ b. z
投影线projecting line. v" B3 H$ x* J( ^5 J
中心投影法perspective projection
( s5 ]4 x$ D; d, t V3 f6 C平行投影法parallel projection
6 U$ _6 I4 L0 @* B% m) N斜投影oblique projection
. B( b: P% q% j+ Z6 `1 ^5 x正投影orthographic projection3 Y! M& ]* g3 f: t! C5 W, }' n8 r1 c7 l* d
正投影面frontal plane of projection/ W. g$ @9 ?( m" w2 L+ k
侧面投影面profile plane of projection
4 b7 [: k5 \ a) F Y, ?投影图projection drawing5 R+ p M) q, C, p; _% [8 @
三面投影图three-plane projection drawing
' k$ W5 A$ D( l+ a投影轴axis of projection
. L k3 X5 w$ N3 x0 d/ R投影特性characteristic of projection
Y( u) k7 X* B7 a6 ^0 }% ]不变性characteristic of true3 F' q/ ^0 u( d5 k" w
积聚性characteristic of concentration
2 i+ V% K* G1 ~5 ^6 p类似性characteristic of similarity
* ~- H7 @' [$ B. W @% b" L视图view
6 |5 q; J4 P1 J0 }+ ?1 k- U三视图three-view drawing
- k( i) @4 `) i; X; O+ X3 \正面frontal plane1 {2 h2 N" Z9 r. {3 n
正面投影frontal projection
, l7 E2 \+ o: ~; j水平面horizontal plane- r( H6 ~0 b/ B
水平投影horizontal projection
' B- t7 `8 Y* W# [. r, @5 J. V侧面profile plane
/ A T6 E+ z5 w侧面投影profile projection$ o. o$ N' @- _
主视图frontal view
& F @+ A' z, ^% |; L7 ~0 n9 W" ^俯视图top view
1 S. r( e' ~! C9 V# `/ K) T左视图left side view
; D1 d6 O/ Y7 O2 Y1 F) ^立体solid
D# \1 O* }( y$ G平面立体plane body
# n. s7 Z" m5 p+ ~* \曲面立体body of curved surface4 |+ `. }6 M m( _3 V, i) {
回转面surface of revolution
+ d+ V1 h# g' t& o4 j棱柱prism2 ^2 L( k) N1 c+ U {
棱锥pyramid; _, y% S0 x/ e4 u! w$ [- e) C0 ]
边side
' L9 o/ N8 ], o$ a9 R3 Q3 I8 v顶点center vertex
$ V! x, t- m* C; V) j/ ^棱edge8 C' q' a" r3 S# z! Y
点point! J9 e8 O0 X0 R0 \/ h. k, s" ]
直线line straight line) |; S: ?1 F1 L# j$ P
棱锥台truncated pyramid, u* ^* t& q4 D" H6 P; M) S6 U. M6 @
frustum of pyramid
u/ o0 f* a% F& j b# G重影coincidence of projection* j3 M0 }0 c! w) W A
积聚concentrate
" k1 J" ]! r7 u" U, _! r变形deformation8 M, `$ }/ S7 c8 |$ g" B ?# J
实长true length : q4 ]6 d' Y: E
实形true shape
6 u5 `* e; X6 j. y正平线frontal line/ y8 p2 Z4 s: B6 a# E
水平线horizontal line" N; P! Q7 |/ p7 d7 w0 j
侧平线profile line
% @3 ?5 N4 {6 j1 M# [一般位置直线oblique line
# |& p4 Q& m4 z- E7 ?2 `3 [铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line
* J; c" P; ` _3 b4 G2 s' r! M- E正垂线horizontal--profile line
2 ]( Q0 F: ]+ o7 |( k* l" Z& {5 n q" K侧垂线frontal-horizontal line$ ?; S9 J% l4 O% n( U3 [
一般位置平面oblique plane* A5 e* o; F% a; E. V1 I- Z3 h7 A
相交intersection' f- s8 d O; j* y
平行parallel# C. p+ Q! H& ]5 |6 e% z
垂直perpendicular
6 y8 _% O% v/ k- N' S: E交线intersecting line, line of intersection
) E$ }: w& I2 x! h) R0 E9 s9 G交点point of intersection8 B" `* h5 s( f0 R: K {( B C
平行线parallel line a! I3 w8 f0 e; u
垂直线perpendicular line9 C' O7 W; I3 A0 N$ V, S! U1 l
交叉线skew line) Q# ^3 ~0 R. c5 D' h/ ^
长度length 0 u9 W9 i1 p9 `& h3 }( ~4 S
宽度width1 A; P7 Y5 b% M0 k7 D0 G; n
高度height( I$ X9 e# ~" ~; E* N+ w+ T( G
组合体complex, D6 x- F- Y. _
基本几何体basic body" `" ]7 V& _" n8 `2 M
相接built-up- \# f% Q% g8 F
相交inter section3 M3 S5 k/ t/ _( H& A5 A3 Y
相切tangent! X1 b8 I( C5 o P
相贯penetration9 X/ u! o3 _6 A5 g( a' Y# H
支架brace% I% @2 z8 ?2 p& s2 D* s$ s
底板bottom board
; I7 p" e9 k+ [2 V* ]+ S! A# y! }肋rib
* b: O+ B; G7 |- D' a* w支承板bearing plate' N( z8 F; \7 X# R
轮廓线outline, contour line5 g3 Q |; r b8 W( |$ q( D
底图traced drawing
- }7 @. W7 f8 M; h: ?' h# i7 [截平面cutting plane
$ C; n( {: Q/ i截交线line of section
& `2 f* s: v0 n N; X$ O, @二重性dual nature
& B3 ?3 L5 j6 C2 b' H7 M平面曲线plane curve e: U' w5 x6 K1 J; x
圆弧arc
" o# O: Y3 l) H( ~4 u椭圆ellipse6 g/ |, s5 e) }4 ?; W# B0 N
长轴major axis# \$ s) v& y; Z" x
短轴minor axis7 \2 I2 [1 y1 m0 ]
双曲线hyperbola
1 w/ J& c8 q2 u* O: d抛物线parabola# n Z( [) e( w4 i
圆circle
1 j, F. ~" L% x# }5 o圆锥顶conic apex 0 j) H/ g1 a& x9 n! H* I$ H6 S
相贯体intersecting bodies
3 t0 l) p# c' u4 j t, V/ b相贯线line of intersection
3 j$ ]4 `8 b* ^ Q空间曲线space curve
' q- a1 t$ H2 }" p6 Z* q截平面方法cutting plane method* w; i6 @0 z/ R; t; N/ h+ O# ]( t
辅助面auxiliary surface) W7 H2 x4 \# N' q
辅助平面auxiliary plane
& E) J) N( s: u最高点culminating point( Q- v* n3 t1 l1 @
尺寸Size1 r9 w6 ?1 \9 K$ O% H/ N* W
定形尺寸size dimension
# Q; v7 A# m" b; ?. Q; q定位尺寸location dimension
" t q; j9 c) | k左视图right view
2 e: K9 i% b+ z- s, L7 T1 ?后视图rear view, back view6 Y4 q% r; F W+ k' R% n0 X
仰视图bottom view. O! W. C5 k1 e) S; a7 n
辅助图auxiliary view' F% T3 G& [% M2 `% Y+ X/ K2 q8 A
局部视图partial view, broken view% X) F; I+ u2 I9 x
斜视图oblique view
% t+ G$ {) B, b1 k+ }" m6 @旋转视图revolved view, aligned view
1 P& B- y/ o' k2 U剖视图sectional view, section8 U) v" }- j! S. X
全剖视full section
6 P$ N$ d) C8 s- R半剖视half section) \* ~/ R/ H: n: Y6 Q
局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section
6 l% Q2 ]2 y, S/ \6 y, j# ]斜剖视图oblique section" R5 r; g3 s* w, t6 `8 {
旋转剖视图aligned section4 I% t; t9 ]8 _9 Q
阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section
) o* X$ p7 Z9 _8 M+ r& B复合剖视compound section3 h: u1 k: @# z9 L- A
剖面图section, sectional view1 P7 B/ E. z$ n7 e& ]/ q, o$ S0 k
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section5 F$ p5 R( X3 r
移出剖面removed section
2 @: ~& y6 ?( z# l剖面线section line
& L! ]" x+ L& l3 W' s8 K3 G2 i! a剖面符号symbols for section-lining
- @- m0 }7 W# W0 p9 h4 J# _# x- k习惯画法conventional drawing
% v- O: u* @3 L; r局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement) d. D% k( p! D3 k3 Q" L1 T% G
零件图detail drawing, working drawing }3 R2 A: K1 @
第三角投影third angle projection
% X: i+ ]) t) c3 ]! d! w粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line
# ?, o" k' B. `细实线continuous thin line
% N& o7 o# F! D: k: W% I虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line2 C0 a' D1 N: ?
点划线dash and dot line
9 K4 t/ w& {: ?0 A$ Z5 B双点划线double dots line
. n/ y3 U* H+ _& X# Z波浪线break line% O0 U9 y' v/ r' e5 {7 q/ V
断裂线
8 v; M# c3 T0 N1 W6 D# i; ~剖切平面迹线cutting plane line
+ ` T6 u4 p5 G: L/ b; a尺寸线dimension line
! V& J$ S( e; w+ L# b- _, E2 O尺寸界线extension tine# m3 E2 _4 `3 f! p" h0 d: e
尺寸dimension size
! ?, H7 y/ ?! D箭头arrowhead; y# k% v* }+ ?
基准datum
7 a4 ]- w2 q7 F/ [基准线datum line3 t- t* c8 J" l5 Q; z
基准面datum plane. Q8 ~. m. N+ F+ R
中心孔central hole
7 _$ H$ D0 N$ o. R5 L中心距center distance# T4 A" z9 G; O
轴shaft, axle8 ?3 x! ` q3 K: N) t. L, b4 O
孔hole
1 r/ X7 V4 n2 X* V, A4 w( ?斜孔inclination
/ O8 L# V3 C* C* m6 e装配图assembly drawing8 I$ D G, a& U% ^
性能尺寸characteristic dimension, E& a! m6 x% X% C& y z; f
大小尺寸size dimension
* M3 ?2 F7 A# j2 d" v7 T1 @$ K总体尺寸outer dimension
6 a3 ~# r3 {9 \3 p外形尺寸; C9 W" L9 X9 r! `5 l
配合尺寸fit dimension o; E$ D( q: r4 a" U4 Q% N
内圆角fillet
+ d/ V E0 D4 S+ u外圆角round4 e# h& D9 o# C o
尖角sharp corner8 Q6 _" k1 z$ f' |' @$ E
倒角chamfer% n c4 J4 Y2 }1 g- M
轮缘flange of wheel
' u1 M ~- T: T h9 A, Q: L- P$ c$ V8 U W缘、边、环rim4 b$ ~7 |. ^( L5 G- t7 m' v
轴肩shoulder
( x' l; j0 C, W! m' r) `5 e& |凸台boss
3 W! j7 Q e+ c8 ?5 B0 N! U# [/ F6 B" u凹坑concave pit- S+ |, |+ W4 k" v7 M7 N3 a
轴颈shaft neck
( m0 n6 Z$ \- u" e1 S, P轮毂hub
: Q! C' S- Z5 e0 T8 }" i轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel
% b% R7 \ S# V* a) w直纹滚花straight knurling s
9 a$ _# |0 S- c# s0 V$ f, F- C8 p网纹滚花hatching knurling6 }9 ^$ { \/ n& F k" `* V8 T7 g
键槽key-way
( i3 t7 }, n2 E0 `; G9 W退刀槽escape
! d) V7 N) G! m5 S# K# |拔模斜度pattern draft
! V q' A8 N* X! T# q填料盒gland box% s5 Q* @1 r6 ^& U9 g. W: g6 J1 w
油槽oil groove: j" @* S3 b' k ~
油封oil seal [4 ? i* q( j% \6 I1 ~
标准件standard parts4 O" j l7 V, S/ X, x% ]% D
螺纹thread1 z/ E8 [% d# Y4 b1 g
外螺纹external thread/ n; C! O# N% |' H1 }0 w
内螺纹internal thread
! J m4 U5 _2 M- ]7 u$ g V大径major diameter& @% C) s; U; p8 `9 ]
小径minor diameter" m6 g& Q$ o2 p* W; ~, z
螺距pitch of thread
* \' X( ~/ ]) R0 N2 z7 `牙型form of thread$ J" c9 R. e3 n" @; v
旋向direction of turning c8 c' Q7 Z* p' X: I9 z
右旋螺纹right-hand thread* V/ }2 L7 t/ u H3 c& `* n
左旋螺纹left-hand thread5 s4 j" p/ \/ S& I; ~
头数number of thread) r$ {$ n9 Y" W& z4 l8 H
导程lead
+ u+ P) {' a( O6 c. p3 u7 U" |% z4 y粗牙coarse thread3 h5 b' O% H) i; q
细牙fin thread
& R0 m+ y! _4 }2 @螺栓bolt9 y* l4 ]- L1 ~ n+ d
螺钉screw
* ?9 o2 V( j- N2 N8 W螺柱stud0 j, N, t" v" q7 e7 h
螺母nut
3 R% X- i5 T# x! c* T- U! X垫片washer
' i3 L$ U1 ?* L公差tolerance
9 J9 o' g# ^$ m& W- @公差带tolerance zone; }, C. i. \& F3 n9 b, V& v; P
零线zero line
) P% T- d* R5 A9 e& l标准公差standard tolerance
) P k, @* k" S: E+ q, U公差等级tolerance grade
8 ?" Y& ]4 c; Q T* z基本偏差fundamental deviation# M: U3 m! F+ ]: M, N/ ]
配合fit. x( |& R, N" d/ s6 ]6 I0 n
间隙配合clearance fit4 w& ~! `# E" d' b y
过盈interference+ M4 ~ ~0 E3 w
过盈配合interference fit
% @+ t+ q6 r4 q2 P) u G过渡配合transition fit7 R8 `( {$ U/ \6 @" D" A
基孔制hole-basic system of fits N" e' i& p- y- u% N: O+ O
基轴制shaft-basic system of fits) G* e# @) A/ {) _- S; m
间隙clearance" ?8 o: ~$ k, |4 b
形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance) z6 B4 b: n* W$ M1 O
直线度straightness
- k. f/ w# ^! r5 x0 g' B平面度flatness- j9 C [/ ~2 t( O( a
圆度roundness
: L& j3 D, j2 B: q7 T圆柱度cylindricity
' S9 x% D: O- z+ E6 {线轮廓度profile of any line
& S ?0 P$ e V2 _; s1 E) Z面轮廓度profile of any plane9 Z7 n! O# B) |6 t: U* A! ~) }
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
% O) Z2 q% Q: y8 }5 k. y平行度 parallelism% Z Q$ B$ ~5 b. y
齿轮gear
. _' f; \% J0 {圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear/ V$ s E: G* _: x3 `+ c) ]
正齿轮spur gear, r$ J0 c/ s9 a1 {) o
斜齿轮spiral gear
5 v3 h) t$ \, ?( Y' X3 g6 Z轮齿gear tooth
& E* ^+ q# i+ z: P2 {4 d6 Q节圆pitch circle2 B' x5 E5 Y! `' q# p
齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle3 m1 K; f$ b1 @* U
齿根圆root circle, addendum circle- P( u/ K& W( E5 v( P
模数modulus5 z. U2 H4 }; } `
齿数number of teeth
- n0 y2 ^4 D) }8 C1 o9 H8 V) u齿高tooth height1 D# _* Y0 c9 P6 U
齿顶高height of addendum
5 R, R6 ]- n1 j/ E$ \) h齿根高height of addendum: [7 X. o0 A$ H4 ~) G
齿厚circular thickness
* P+ X( P8 K3 S; V齿间tooth space
. G- [. Z5 L3 S5 e- w$ H7 C齿宽tooth width0 f4 p# r1 x, Y+ X5 w' V
压力角angle of pressure
; e+ W6 |( v$ `5 F0 |$ b弹簧spring& E z. B( O- `' t0 t
销pin0 m) `9 e7 X* C, ?8 U
圆柱销round pin
/ j8 p+ T. d. @( o圆锥销taper pin
" r! e" N, n& H! i开口销cotter pin, split+ N i$ n) S* \
键key
) B' ^/ J/ E5 C* \- ]8 P7 |# m平键flat key- i, f9 w5 z0 G& @
半圆键half round key, woodruff key
2 U* |% h, P: L6 ~+ o; |6 ^/ Z) i! ~轴承bearing
% }& R! V6 z/ g+ Q% R滚动轴承rolling bearing
8 i; M& |! r1 |. U$ e, a向心铀承radial bearing9 e8 ~$ Y& x9 Q" }8 _
密封装置sealing equipment' s( P f, n0 F" R# ^
锁紧装置locking equipment$ V: Y! q; D# ]! ]' x( d
粗糙度roughness) s/ I' L6 D8 p* ?! |6 a! ?( o; g
基本尺寸basic size5 s6 U3 p7 k& s7 h( c
实际尺寸actual size, w! w( I& j2 ^' {
极限尺寸limits size
1 k0 D% a3 b/ q8 I+ O+ ?4 [" y. ?- K最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size/ j( G8 W/ l, |
最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size
! ?- W; C5 q* ~6 y8 h偏差deviation
5 a3 K) K: ~* d3 p ^8 i: |6 ?上偏差upper deviation+ c" c* n: K/ V, ^7 E
下偏差lower deviation
" z M) u' F, H( V7 u( Q7 n5 X垂直度perpendicularity) D3 I* f) G: f! r6 ?7 v5 e
倾斜度angularity7 X( Y# o( h* n! Q, N# D
同轴度concentricity
" ?& n1 H& R( _3 ^8 V6 V对称度symmetry
8 X( j9 c4 B9 f8 f$ ^; [位置度true position
( e- d: b5 c5 m/ F跳动run-out8 f, \- b$ x1 B$ p, L) h
圆跳动cycle run-out
/ l: R/ i. ?+ N4 p% o全跳动total run-out
4 }2 ~4 ^/ b0 ?% |. _轴测投影axonometric projection6 a& U) I1 d: Y: B
轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection k: Q5 |( V7 g' R) C0 [
轴测图axonometric drawing
0 I# ]3 ?# z0 U0 O0 }* g正等轴测投影isometric projection3 Y4 O8 L: ^# b" d- v9 X3 g: ]
正二测bimetric projection9 B& _* U4 J! h+ v
斜二测oblique bimetric projection, t5 {2 o* m3 {# Y6 }4 U. w
轴测轴axonometric axis8 u/ _7 Y( a& F P, e
轴间角axis angle, angle between ales
& T; ]$ z& J$ _; W* T缩短foreshortened: P6 d$ C# J# H# ]! S( Q
轴向缩短率coefficient of axial: \* X# m$ ^, {! X5 D9 p
deformation ratio of9 a4 W4 ]7 l3 T% E" n+ q
fore shortening for any axis
" u& L7 H! M: T [切割法cutting method, by cutting
6 S1 C2 x. d7 m( V8 X方箱法boxing method; q! K. Z/ d8 a6 X
坐标法coordinate method* F+ C( i$ p& Z7 @9 c7 Q
方框法enclosing-square method- C2 d" p- J. _* _( z8 h. t6 X
四心近似法four-center approximate method |
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发表于 2006-6-18 09:45