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投影 projection
& g4 r* O% U% W- t o投影中心center of projection
8 w X( |3 g' |( l" R投影面projecting plane
- u& H6 @3 y- G$ ~投影线projecting line" g C( x6 r k+ ^" ~! W
中心投影法perspective projection
5 X) W5 P J' Y2 m3 R平行投影法parallel projection0 f5 a+ Q6 l; L C" c
斜投影oblique projection
3 o, ]' ?5 L9 ~正投影orthographic projection' D# n5 j1 ]2 g$ v5 G
正投影面frontal plane of projection
/ {/ E. v- G1 A! N侧面投影面profile plane of projection
$ e' R/ J- R" [) q; }! [7 L投影图projection drawing; K1 c: X# D5 b( V& j J0 D3 {2 t
三面投影图three-plane projection drawing" X q9 I9 b( d; e
投影轴axis of projection
4 E6 H# z6 [9 ]6 q: A$ }7 u投影特性characteristic of projection
3 ?! }3 M7 r+ o& C1 ?' Z不变性characteristic of true! B* ]0 S4 X! e v3 ]% P4 t+ u
积聚性characteristic of concentration2 k$ N/ n; H7 @9 m. |1 X( ?
类似性characteristic of similarity
: N; ^. z: j1 w视图view& c- J/ h7 r! N( }; K+ F) I
三视图three-view drawing& I2 i1 G' }2 p" O
正面frontal plane
6 ?+ v9 T# j; c8 E. |' c正面投影frontal projection
$ j6 w4 g# L8 N2 t水平面horizontal plane, O$ R! b& ?5 F# L* h4 L7 }5 @
水平投影horizontal projection# I+ O2 {7 m: w
侧面profile plane( O, a k% A) S
侧面投影profile projection
9 p9 d% I. s. B主视图frontal view
4 g# \1 b6 _, p俯视图top view) C& S) G( U8 E& J3 S
左视图left side view
0 T6 O" @( v! i2 o$ i% @立体solid
. s( x( ?8 h H- ^8 \0 q% f0 i平面立体plane body
! r3 [' |7 [, ^8 I; s曲面立体body of curved surface* e5 _2 X. w+ G. b6 k/ S
回转面surface of revolution
; q7 t' x) q0 Q% N* K: l2 ^: `棱柱prism! { H3 y- F6 A$ [) r
棱锥pyramid9 \9 @8 M; \3 C& O1 N& |4 L
边side
: q" {; D+ v/ ^+ Y$ ^顶点center vertex0 Y& P3 H% F/ D
棱edge
" C5 B! I( V; m, Q5 F) R v% H点point
2 o* T& U0 a0 d! Z F1 I直线line straight line( l$ F8 I. N; j. Y- Y
棱锥台truncated pyramid6 n7 I. L# W7 ^% I0 K x' O) ]
frustum of pyramid
. \5 x* t# L& `/ n& [" D# d重影coincidence of projection
- k) E$ t8 f/ Z7 C6 ^积聚concentrate
7 P7 ~" o7 p6 @9 v# O: W变形deformation
' d' R8 G+ O: X1 {( O% h实长true length 7 S8 v" g l5 f) s3 x1 D
实形true shape) `. e" c$ C% o
正平线frontal line, M! L( N: z' H% x& M6 R$ P9 e
水平线horizontal line" `1 s2 Q5 j, u/ e6 J9 t; n' X
侧平线profile line2 X3 P& X9 G7 |8 G! h X
一般位置直线oblique line
8 [' V* _. R: d$ p6 |# q铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line0 x5 O! g; G: b: v* N2 ~7 A t
正垂线horizontal--profile line7 X1 c; X% n$ ~& g7 X7 W# P" K
侧垂线frontal-horizontal line* D5 Q4 Q5 ?6 ?% J
一般位置平面oblique plane) g9 H* a' Q7 b9 j/ ?7 ~' Z& _+ {
相交intersection
7 J; j3 r7 }8 T+ u! o; Z8 s平行parallel
% p. H. X% z) n$ q) i& [6 w垂直perpendicular
- a' Y+ ~; R, \ ?: z' R" X4 |/ w交线intersecting line, line of intersection
5 H8 V5 f: ~3 Y交点point of intersection
" i) A2 c2 e% u) ^平行线parallel line
% G0 i0 W8 r5 h* ]; R+ I垂直线perpendicular line
, ]- P. p _2 R交叉线skew line. M# _# ^4 S2 z3 `
长度length
4 F3 j) m) M5 q) ] i7 X宽度width' [3 R! A; Z0 u. W, ?/ b5 Z
高度height1 r) N/ O3 @+ U6 _
组合体complex
6 k. M- `3 M# y! d4 N0 r0 m基本几何体basic body6 c9 s9 |: l1 a, L. ]$ v7 I) h% d
相接built-up
2 c3 Q+ R N9 [, }相交inter section
* m$ ^3 }5 P) J, j" w& c/ U相切tangent( H# D$ O. Q0 v) C/ L( J/ J
相贯penetration8 w# H K- S" `0 O; s: E1 \
支架brace
7 O3 M( o5 x; P' z# [4 r底板bottom board
& q; G J: l$ c肋rib- k8 t) G' N4 A
支承板bearing plate
# I5 z/ J" r+ }轮廓线outline, contour line
3 ~" r: p9 ^/ E) Y- X$ H底图traced drawing
2 t" a+ Q, |' y i" m截平面cutting plane
2 Z* ~& c" `' K- [3 b$ i截交线line of section1 f2 X+ O `) b9 c
二重性dual nature8 N) j5 q8 Z: {& ]' T6 A
平面曲线plane curve* E S W8 }% E7 }
圆弧arc- `- v2 `9 `) u8 F. `# U
椭圆ellipse; ?* |$ g2 Z8 e) x$ X6 J4 ]
长轴major axis# P& S: v& Q/ Q- k" P2 ^* V
短轴minor axis9 I* h3 U$ M. M# q
双曲线hyperbola
- B6 @+ [/ S1 X2 s抛物线parabola- A/ \2 I: G8 ] o. f
圆circle, y2 ^" X6 Q8 }1 k: G
圆锥顶conic apex S$ B, |( D- y" @
相贯体intersecting bodies) ^1 v. E( S5 |! E6 E3 J9 L1 m. d
相贯线line of intersection
5 r5 }" Q$ ~' ^, ]/ b# w8 s$ h空间曲线space curve4 ~ a6 u2 N2 `; _) E
截平面方法cutting plane method3 c! |/ q) V0 ^2 P3 j
辅助面auxiliary surface! s8 q0 P& U- D
辅助平面auxiliary plane# Q; q9 \ c4 z6 C
最高点culminating point
C5 M- c- Z. ]0 H尺寸Size3 r5 P& U3 |) t2 ^* \4 W
定形尺寸size dimension
8 T6 U0 U. _) S0 {1 Z定位尺寸location dimension
! z+ z! S& S D7 n( l左视图right view* a( ~/ z9 P: I# U$ w3 |" ?
后视图rear view, back view1 T( J5 ?+ |0 U$ _: ?2 N# G
仰视图bottom view
! b$ S. i" Q4 k# C辅助图auxiliary view
5 K! |8 ?" ]6 n' W9 u: l, m局部视图partial view, broken view4 A2 }2 n( R7 X$ o' T6 d' _
斜视图oblique view% _& ~, ]: \, D& i2 d" c# W
旋转视图revolved view, aligned view
. i' x% _6 j' D8 i! R; p# b$ O/ y剖视图sectional view, section
5 K( S* g0 u, t, B v# `; T全剖视full section
3 T7 w3 f; n- {1 X6 K, B8 h半剖视half section* S: U9 m0 t' x$ E7 c# P$ R/ V& @+ ]
局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section/ t7 I, R6 A9 V, O) x: t& h0 x+ g
斜剖视图oblique section6 p! p- K/ I2 ~8 N* P7 f- S5 v7 r
旋转剖视图aligned section
/ G) b `, X" q/ v; z$ C) Z阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section
9 [8 v- f, t# g) A E W9 @复合剖视compound section
( y1 ~4 B9 M7 {9 z9 I" @剖面图section, sectional view5 }) C! r3 r( @, D
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section) J, [# f D) w( E D2 P
移出剖面removed section( G/ M, [9 d* _- Y# T7 o( U! v
剖面线section line, e+ M, |' `; Y$ R
剖面符号symbols for section-lining
! R; j% m7 x, |$ O5 P习惯画法conventional drawing+ b( f* @( y5 a9 N( p$ g1 E
局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement
4 i5 l7 k" y, t/ o" H零件图detail drawing, working drawing4 d4 P! n* n. q; X+ F/ c* l c
第三角投影third angle projection
+ s% H" Y$ J! }; L粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line
: t4 V3 }/ y4 N3 f) s( P细实线continuous thin line
! K4 f& }# I& z) r虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line
+ S* E4 H; f0 Y3 o( F点划线dash and dot line! s2 H: c2 z4 u1 C5 e. t
双点划线double dots line/ Q F4 G) d5 I, E5 }7 S' T
波浪线break line
5 V1 w* z7 D$ \" [断裂线
9 R! v( E! X0 F1 p; O! Y8 K剖切平面迹线cutting plane line$ j$ D3 b" y/ `: I. e0 ~
尺寸线dimension line9 C! L9 ]8 E1 o
尺寸界线extension tine5 Y0 x7 S, d1 i, P- c
尺寸dimension size
, j& } m. o8 G: }. o! Z3 [箭头arrowhead
" j3 c$ [7 O; S0 z基准datum
, f' A8 H; P! C( ]5 B2 m基准线datum line6 T) C9 x8 m; j2 D/ P) A
基准面datum plane
$ R1 k9 O) N4 I3 S! G中心孔central hole" P' p. d2 |! B3 V) i! a8 U3 e
中心距center distance
, r! p9 k1 }1 \/ _9 y- U5 D轴shaft, axle. I( f: B/ h9 E' {( c3 Y% g, O
孔hole5 s$ q/ }7 H/ l2 [3 y8 e2 x
斜孔inclination
, _$ s& H* n' P装配图assembly drawing
+ A% Z3 o! {- P性能尺寸characteristic dimension
& i/ D( |/ h& y' y大小尺寸size dimension
+ p% y' J# A/ I- M1 d总体尺寸outer dimension4 u! Z+ M7 x" B: q! l6 P
外形尺寸
1 Z ?/ \& x- l! S+ J0 _; L) a) X配合尺寸fit dimension
& H8 N3 ~- v& r' I3 \内圆角fillet. s8 _8 e; J8 c1 n9 B& y5 i4 O
外圆角round! r, ?4 h( a+ P9 _
尖角sharp corner
- P0 @) U! ^- D. F' W0 Z倒角chamfer" c! J" t; r, p8 N' b
轮缘flange of wheel
1 y/ e- ]. ]8 q; A* T3 L缘、边、环rim. m8 V* W2 Q5 g: n3 `
轴肩shoulder
! ?) K/ r& i( Y7 W凸台boss
1 ?" |/ l$ v; ~# P6 E* n$ O9 O) a凹坑concave pit
# c; n! s+ p5 [2 v4 P6 E; M轴颈shaft neck$ T9 C" [0 H6 `, h+ H6 x/ b6 f4 y
轮毂hub
$ \- @0 C% v9 t! N7 E+ g轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel6 C( j8 d$ x$ F8 g3 w
直纹滚花straight knurling s( a$ a! a$ s+ W& F; j/ u
网纹滚花hatching knurling
2 L( P) L6 f _ q( H# _) c* C键槽key-way2 Y# R* u7 `- O7 }1 k
退刀槽escape6 N5 O C6 j( y; A! }% ^2 A
拔模斜度pattern draft
8 L/ i0 A2 I P填料盒gland box H& ]. @! @1 s; C7 B! x
油槽oil groove1 p* [; J3 V7 w0 w1 ?) B
油封oil seal# f ^- R/ Y% c" O& `
标准件standard parts
7 h7 W7 g' N) W6 y' U+ w9 @螺纹thread
# o! u( B# d4 K, K' x- j外螺纹external thread
- [' f& H; v5 v) s+ |1 A W; r内螺纹internal thread5 @+ | a/ `* k
大径major diameter5 S1 |- A4 |$ k `+ @
小径minor diameter1 ?/ X& }' |% S
螺距pitch of thread
4 u/ a' D3 Y' l) L- ~! F; {: @8 |牙型form of thread- f0 N" T2 f9 F% |; W+ z5 v% [
旋向direction of turning& r* a; p( j; A: ~+ G
右旋螺纹right-hand thread
5 j5 i/ T; x4 S; D1 s8 T* c4 X左旋螺纹left-hand thread: o: z9 F+ E0 J% e# X7 J
头数number of thread" D" b/ E5 i* P6 `% X0 m$ | Q
导程lead
: f8 |0 L; I8 e5 x8 ~粗牙coarse thread
$ c8 j; G' d! P9 F细牙fin thread6 h" E! V0 L" V5 h4 w
螺栓bolt
+ @. I5 k/ D$ j5 N( K螺钉screw
5 Y. ]8 ?6 g2 o) v; D螺柱stud0 ^+ i' x8 n# o, d, w2 T# o' r
螺母nut
6 J) p, F, T8 R, G6 \垫片washer
9 }7 L& w f Q7 g# z+ d$ E7 u公差tolerance
) d* _* M/ |# v5 T* j公差带tolerance zone
# w! R" h. }6 \% b5 S5 F零线zero line
. [. o. J( V, L标准公差standard tolerance" p9 B# i8 O. h- P: `$ d5 { C
公差等级tolerance grade
. G. y1 z/ i6 ]8 h5 S基本偏差fundamental deviation
. o0 C& Z& \5 K4 u配合fit) V# T; l0 m% U# |
间隙配合clearance fit
' ?2 c# C- T, f- |过盈interference
8 G9 q: O' g6 K) E过盈配合interference fit
% U [. H- n9 C* k过渡配合transition fit
' P% w+ u3 o9 w7 e. h& A q/ B基孔制hole-basic system of fits 3 g7 \( o% r: V
基轴制shaft-basic system of fits6 @4 w9 W: F" a3 @8 m& W! l9 k
间隙clearance
) L4 t8 h" `9 q2 h/ W形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
; s$ v* b+ d5 c! i4 n直线度straightness
& k5 }0 N! ]) c( u1 A平面度flatness# U2 c, H/ w* o+ k* X
圆度roundness
* l1 O( i( |$ `( }; D圆柱度cylindricity# r! `+ j1 C/ F5 I k! ?
线轮廓度profile of any line1 k, ], H, }; l/ S, U6 h4 x: }
面轮廓度profile of any plane) Y4 d+ P8 Z4 q
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances' ~* D! q# O/ b
平行度 parallelism
2 b. o& S. ?; I$ C齿轮gear9 {0 _8 ~, a# g: C Y* _
圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear1 t/ ?5 _7 T7 b; h" C
正齿轮spur gear
9 Q0 H6 D2 y2 r- p0 M斜齿轮spiral gear* I' J' }7 Z1 L
轮齿gear tooth# k7 W: |8 Q/ q% K. f7 L
节圆pitch circle7 |6 J* V+ @! [6 \2 v3 B
齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle, H; P) n. V- u6 w. O+ F/ k
齿根圆root circle, addendum circle0 ?: v. U7 g, s r: @
模数modulus9 U6 X7 k7 d, Q' a
齿数number of teeth7 s' R6 v- e" C U) x: [* i7 P; |3 T4 y
齿高tooth height# X3 s% ~+ G+ d5 p$ l7 E& ?6 o
齿顶高height of addendum' R/ R) i( U1 q- X
齿根高height of addendum
) }4 [" y( y3 D+ C8 W- J# \0 H齿厚circular thickness
& a4 \( a8 G: w; y$ C9 w5 G齿间tooth space& G5 `. E @$ w9 V3 c$ @; k. J
齿宽tooth width6 Q% l0 d# e/ J5 l: y: i
压力角angle of pressure }$ e/ a1 @+ M, Z$ `9 [6 A
弹簧spring U4 X/ B/ o( T P2 v% R0 e2 c
销pin
# f$ ^2 J' i+ d3 ~ h3 b4 a6 ?# I* H圆柱销round pin
& h2 h) z, w$ W* a圆锥销taper pin
5 p# A: N% R/ u7 B, O开口销cotter pin, split
: N' W. _: S) e6 Z y+ a键key
9 p# _2 U* A K b- i平键flat key
0 q" R V# n; ]9 \半圆键half round key, woodruff key- n6 `# r+ K, q m8 s
轴承bearing
- [3 Y, ~1 Y. s; y7 t0 C$ E滚动轴承rolling bearing$ x. U* {: D2 v: g8 S, Y
向心铀承radial bearing
' _7 F& G, x* @: H5 t密封装置sealing equipment G: ?3 v& [- S. u! I, X
锁紧装置locking equipment, R+ h3 C! A5 ]1 S, d
粗糙度roughness
) c+ Q' h8 [ l. k/ X基本尺寸basic size
' m: q5 I* s6 \% l% `# @实际尺寸actual size
2 n, o$ A# N' ]% J% j极限尺寸limits size
& L( w& \( O0 V J最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size( L$ Y9 q8 {6 x- A0 w
最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size2 ?* H2 c. q& u2 W
偏差deviation
& E+ N" D' W1 \; \上偏差upper deviation: v; {( n( k9 e- L
下偏差lower deviation# u/ J4 D3 r# a: `
垂直度perpendicularity
2 w+ J2 x; D1 K3 x$ }6 c: _6 L `( u倾斜度angularity8 Z t8 T; ?1 u8 l
同轴度concentricity
; y. d7 ?/ e8 d8 f/ r对称度symmetry6 |( Q5 z5 G! i; i# C
位置度true position, b7 T K* J2 m+ U. C1 @
跳动run-out
# p3 F9 [, U3 A6 D+ q1 H2 q1 P圆跳动cycle run-out) b! H0 [" `4 j$ i8 B; [& P+ [
全跳动total run-out
5 L* v) p, T f; q* |( [/ ]7 l轴测投影axonometric projection" p. z* u% M `0 m8 T; C* ~7 ?
轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection
|+ A( O3 l X6 R; x, [轴测图axonometric drawing5 S% Q- A# h, F+ z- p
正等轴测投影isometric projection6 G# v' \" \! w- y
正二测bimetric projection0 a W: i& M7 X9 _; T
斜二测oblique bimetric projection
1 |5 c! T$ C1 U( E% i9 C轴测轴axonometric axis
4 a8 t8 |9 d. q& D轴间角axis angle, angle between ales1 C. k, f" ]+ ]- `8 a& E. m4 R
缩短foreshortened
$ X7 ~. Z$ o& @0 X3 x轴向缩短率coefficient of axial# T0 y0 z2 A: ^. Z
deformation ratio of4 p# b, t" d: c7 H D6 O& a
fore shortening for any axis* {4 K! F" \- q" u ]
切割法cutting method, by cutting8 N. V+ e8 D6 o; G, P
方箱法boxing method
) }, i+ I9 n' u, `7 T坐标法coordinate method
4 j1 m% t' R$ \0 d7 _$ U: R: ?方框法enclosing-square method
7 S9 z: B3 ]$ ` {! G/ P7 H9 u四心近似法four-center approximate method |
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发表于 2006-6-18 09:45